Maya Embedded Language (MEL): MEL scripts fundamentally define and create the Maya GUI. MEL is relatively easy to create, edit and execute, but it is also only used in Maya and has a variety of technical limitations. Namely, MEL has no support for object-oriented programming. MEL can only communicate with Maya through a defined set of interfaces in the Command Engine (or by calling Python).
Python: It can execute the same Maya commands as MEL using Maya's Command Engine. However, Python is also more robust than MEL because it is an object-oriented language.Moreover, Python has an extensive library of built-in features as well as a large community outside of Maya users.
C++ Application Programming Interface: The Maya C++ API is the most flexible way to add features to Maya. However, because of its compilation requirements, the c++ API cannot be used interactively with the Maya user interface. so it can be tedious to test even small bits of code. C++ also has a much steeper learning curve than MEL or Python.
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